1920s medicine Essay

The 1920s had many discoveries and innovations when it comes to medicine and science. Many of the things that we now take for granted were just getting their start during the 20s. Throughout the 1920s, new innovations in the medical and science field led to the discovery of vitamins and knowing more than ever before about the human body. New vital drugs and vaccines were created in this era that are hard to imagine not having today. The invention/discovery of the first anti-bacterial drugs saved more people from bacterial and viral infections than any previous time. Before the 1920s many medical conditions were untreatable or even deadly that we now consider to be easily cared for. Penicillin was one of the big medical discoveries of the 20s, the world’s first antibiotic. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Flemming when he was examining mold and bacterial growth. This discovery opened up the possibilities for killing bacterial infections and without this many other medical innovations would not have occurred. Insulin was another major medical discovery in the 20s. Without this people with diebetes would not be able to properly treat their condition and thousands would die from a now treatable disorder. Various types of vitamins were also discovered in the 20s that help people today stay healthy. The medical field would not be what it is today if it wasn’t for the research put in by people of the 1920s. Millions of lives were saved due to the medical discoveries that were made in the 1920s. Without Penicillin, there may have never been any antibiotics created and a bacterial infection would mean a slow death. Insulin saves those with diebetes lives daily and without it diebetes would be considered a deadly condition. Life just wouldn’t be the same today if none of medical innovations of the 20s happened.

Essay on Essay

Questions: 1. What details in the first two paragraphs convey a sense of the ordinary, behind-the-scenes routines of film critics? What words or phrases suggest the longevity of Ebert’s career as a movie reviewer?The part where it says, â€Å"Some of them look as though they plan on camping out, with their coats, blankets, lunches, and laptops spread out on the seats around them,† shows that this is the routine of the film critics because they are comfortable in the room together. Also, the room has comfortable chairs for the critics to get nice and comfortable in. He says that Ebert is the most renowned movie critic in the world. This indicates that he must have been doing this for a long time to be famous for this.2. How does Chris Jones distinguish Ebert from his fellow reviewers? Why is this contrast important?He shows that Ebert is old school and goes off his memory since he only has a pen and note pad to make notes, where all the other critics will be on their com puters for hours writing after the movie.3. How does Jones’s description of Ebert’s reaction to Broken Embraces help us understand Ebert’s character? What words or phrases reveal Ebert’s attitude toward the experience of watching this film?Ebert shows that he likes the movie very much and shows joy by taking excited notes.4. What are the connotations of â€Å"kid joy†?â€Å"Kid joy† means being purely happy, like a little kid running through sprinklers or around a playground.5. Jones writes that, at the end of the film, â€Å"it looks as though [Ebert’s] sitting on top of a cloud of paper.† Jones then describes how Ebert â€Å"kicks his notes into a small pile with his feet.† Why are these images important?What side of Ebert’s personality do they reveal? These images are important because it shows Ebert’s frustration.6. Why does Jones use the word â€Å"savoring† to describe Ebert’s  quiet p ause after the film ends?It shows that Ebert is taking in the feelings of happiness because it was such a good picture.7. What does Jones mean when he says that the moment Ebert said his last words before losing the ability to talk to cancer â€Å"wasn’t cinematic†? Why is this significant?Ebert cant remember it, while someone’s last words would be meaningful and memorable, so it is not cinematic.8. What details are important in Jones’s description of Ebert’s second-floor library? What do the objects in this room suggest about Ebert’s current life?He had everything he could want in that room. The objects in this room suggest that his life simple and old fashioned.9. Why does Jones say reading Ebert’s post-cancer online journal is like â€Å"watching an Aztec pyramid being built†?He says this because it shows Ebert’s journey to win his battle against cancer and even though it seemed impossible, he managed to push though i t.10. What words and phrases suggest the post-cancer, post-voice surge of productivity Ebert experienced in his writing?â€Å"Feverishly banging the keys of his MacBook Pro† and â€Å"massive monument of written debate†

Informal assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informal - Assignment Example The traces of chemical engineering is everywhere and affects every aspect of our lives. The application of chemical engineering is wide ranged. A chemical engineer may make design about a certain product and create the new processes to make such product. Such product may be used in our daily lives such as the toothpaste in our bathrooms to medicines that heals us to productivity tools that we used to produce other things such as computers or machines. Chemical engineers can also operate and manage facilities be it in the manufacturing, business organizations or oil rigs. The strict application of the course have help develop products such as polymers, plastics, petrochemicals, even the food that we eat. Chemical engineering basically touches everything that we use and consume because it is the science of converting a raw material into another useful form through chemical reaction. Chemical engineering major may not be an easy major to take because it requires a solid foundation in math and science. It requires a solid foundation in natural sciences such as chemistry and physics as well as life sciences such as biology, and biochemistry which explains why it covers a lot of application. Taking the course however is rewarding because of the many fields that one can practice the profession. It is not only limited to engineering but also includes various fields from engineering, economics to business that many of top executives today have chemical engineering as their academic background because of the many applications of the course in the professional field. If one wants to be useful and contribute more to society, chemical engineering is the right course for one to take. Its contribution to society and our daily lives can only be imagined if chemical engineering as a course did not exist. Without chemical engineering, we would be back to the stone age where we would not know how to harness our raw materials into useful

In two paragraphs, compare and contrast rationalism and empiricism Essay

In two paragraphs, compare and contrast rationalism and empiricism - Essay Example Reason is the rationalist’s tool for determining the nature of knowledge about the objective world. The application of the tools, methods, and processes of logic, according to rationalists, should guide an individual to the kind of knowledge that conforms to the laws of logic. These usually begin from concepts that form in the mind. On the other hand, empiricism is the epistemological school of thought that argues that all knowledge comes from the senses. According to this school, all people are born with their minds representing a blank sheet of paper so that all subsequent experiences generate knowledge for the individual. Empiricism argues in favor of sense experience as the fundamental basis of all knowledge (Maritain 26). We acquire knowledge by interacting with the subjective world before we form ideas and knowledge about the shape of reality. In this manner, all knowledge becomes a posteriori. It must necessarily proceed from sense experience. Empiricists argue that all knowledge is based on precepts, which form after some form of experiences. These are then ordered in the mind before they are synthesized into workable

Reality Television - Global Effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reality Television - Global Effects - Essay Example Charlie Parsons, the creator of the Survivor series defines it as programs containing created and monitored producer environment that control the participants’ behavior (Benin 2012, p.24). Kerrie Murphy, a television reviewer claims that the reality shows involves filming the various actions and perceived reactions in a set situation. The situation can be a normal one, or a contrived one as is the case in the huge global hit big brother shows. Bignell defines it as a program where the true behavior of the ordinary people is the key focus of people’s interest. The greatest aspect is the continuous monitoring of the contestants everyday behavior. Reality shows are similar to the soap operas and documentaries. Other reality shows have features common with talk shows while some are talent quests. The main issue that separates reality shows from other genres that become based on real life participants is the focus on their thoughts and reactions to the situation they get sit uated (Benin 2012, p.24). Globally, a number of factors have contributed to the success of these reality shows include: Human curiosity the public is always curious to know the mysteries involved in the reality shows. The producers introduce new tricks and formats to keep the audience glued to the screens. Anything new gets noticed quickly, and this is what attracts the viewers. Entertainment value is another reason. Continuously watching movies cause the mind to be tired and bored. It is here that the reality show takes over. They are full of drama, celebrities, laughter and talent. The shows feature acts that fill the human mind with the formatted programs (Benin 2012, p.24). Aggressive marketing is another factor of the popularity of the reality television. The adverts create the attention of even the uninterested persons. This is what the advertisers want and is what influences us to watching these programs. Also, the belief in reality shows that they are seeing the reality as i t is not different as the normal day routines. Having favorites programs is what makes the reality shows tick even more. Peer influence is another fact that trends in the reality show (Caryn 2003, p.17). Impact of reality television on TV industry and a global audience A number of critics view the reality television as a poison so injurious to TV and the society that it is totally destroying the TV. Globally, the ethics and morals of the reality television is questionable even if they go as far as achieving significant popularity and prominence in the society. This does not mean that they are agreeable to the community and that they should be aired. This show is damaging to the TV networks and society as a whole (Hummer 2004, p.41). Since reality television is a low cost way of telling creative and entertaining stories and attracts large audiences, it has become a headache to the scripted shows in television. They have forced the scripted shows to increase their creativity and try h arder to attract their audiences. Sitcoms had gotten monotonous and repetitive, and there is nothing new on dramas apart from repetitions. Reality television took things a notch higher globally by giving the much needed spark in TV industry. Shows like Lost got created due to the same reason. The directors and producers became forced to cultivate new grounds and try more creative techniques and formats (Beth 2000, p.32). Reality television has been globally detrimental to the TV industry since it takes a lot of programming time leaving the scripted

Aqua Resources to list on London Stock Exchange Research Paper

Aqua Resources to list on London Stock Exchange - Research Paper Example While others have announced the effects on wealth after the announcement of the listing of shares this study will indicate the long and short-term effects on the wealth of shareholders who list through their various companies in the London Stock Exchange. The case to be used in this study is the Aqua Ltd.   Aqua invests principally in businesses that are involved in - water treatment and recycling, wastewater and recycling, water treatment and purification, water infrastructure, water application and conversion (water-to-energy and desalination) with the objective of capturing the growth opportunities emerging from the attractive long-term dynamics driving the water industry. Aqua's investment objective is to provide long-term capital appreciation through exposure to a diversified portfolio of water-related investments. Pursuant to this objective, Aqua's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and to trading on the main market for l isted securities of the London Stock Exchange plc on 24th July 2008. Aqua is a Guernsey-domiciled Authorized Closed-ended investment scheme pursuant to section 8 of the Protection of Investors (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1987, as amended and rule 6.02 of the Authorized closed-ended Investment Schemes Rules 2008.   The study examines a variety of measures to gauge the wealth effects, incl the ding buy-and-hold excess returns, excess returns around earnings announcements, and industry-adjusted operating performance.... Pursuant to this objective, Aqua's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and to trading on the main market for listed securities of the London Stock Exchange plc on 24th July 2008. Aqua is a Guernsey-domiciled Authorized Closed-ended investment scheme pursuant to section 8 of the Protection of Investors (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1987, as amended and rule 6.02 of the Authorized closed-ended Investment Schemes Rules 2008 (A Proposal for putting some stop to the extravagant humor of Stock-Jobbing). The study examines a variety of measures to gauge the wealth effects, including buy-and-hold excess returns, excess returns around earnings announcements, and industry-adjusted operating performance. This is done to monitor the flow of wealth in terms of the working outlay of the shares in the stock market. From the study, we find that the old stocks underperform during the preannouncement period. This evidence suggests that the listed sto cks were issued after periods of poor performance hence a boom period has to be allowed to take shape for the contrasts to be covered up and avoid spinoffs and carve outs. The pre-announcement returns by the London Stock Exchange provides some evidence on the circumstances that lead to listing stock and restructurings that take shape thereafter. However, the wealth effects of restructurings can only be measured starting with the announcement returns after the end year compilation of financial data. We find that the average announcement excess returns are significantly positive and range between 1.8 and 2.7 percent relative to different benchmarks placed. These returns are similar to those documented by previous studies of listing stocks in the stock exchange (Rules and

The Regal Marine Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Regal Marine - Case Study Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the strengths of the firm are that it concentrates on innovation which can attract high-class customers. The concentration on quality service can keep customer loyalty and brand identity. The connection with a large number of a supplier is an advantage which can avail them of products at a cheaper price. This can also increase their profitability. All these factors make the strategy perfect for brand positioning. They can target a middle-class customer by making the cheaper boat and look out for the wide range of customers. They can also opt for materials which are cheaper and take less production and design time. The firm has chosen the differentiation strategy which provides unique service different from their competitors. They want to provide value for what the customer is paying for and the quality expected is the best. The firm is placed in Orlando, Florida which is the United States. The country has the high ma rket for the service provided by the company. The United States is the richest country has the high concentration of wealthy people. Also, the country is a tourist destination which gives many opportunities for the luxury boat service. The firm provides luxury boats to its customers. People always look for quality service and products when it comes to leisure and tourism. So it is a high priority among customer who looks for a luxurious experience.

Compare and contrast the two companies on the various features shown Essay

Compare and contrast the two companies on the various features shown in each demo within your paper - Essay Example Interactive analysis and the presence of a powerful dashboard makes users very comfortable to create excel and securely share them across the enterprise. It enables IT teams to manage data and metadata in a central and control permissions as well as scale up to wide deployments in the enterprise. Tableau is a generational business intelligence and visual analysis software that the work by putting data on the hands of the individuals who needs the information (Havenstein, 2006). IBM Cognos is a business intelligence dashboarding solution that helps the user in monitoring, measuring and managing performance of corporates. At a glance, performance that are timely, factual and views of the business are provided by the dashboards. Anomalies that can turn into business issues that are of significant importance can be identified using IBM Cognos and the root causes can be dug deeper. IBM Cognos offer the following solutions to their users; personalization view of the information that are, deliverance of high degree visualization that have graphs, gauges and charts. IBM dashboard can be delivered easily in multiple formats that can suit specific needs of users who do business. Finally, they are easily managed from IT perspective. IBM Cognos has scorecard software that helps the individual to align teams and tactics with strategies, communicating goals consistently and monitoring performance against targets. Individuals can use IBM Cognos Scorecarding in management of the full scope of processes in business (Havenstein, 2007). Business intelligence is a term that means to end despite the approach used. The term end sounds decision making in the organization. Therefore, there is a need to understanding organization decision-making process. There is a need to differentiating information, data and knowledge in an organization. Information is differentiated from data by the use of context. When related to other data, data itself

Middle East History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Middle East History Questions - Essay Example American had a ‘second war for independence’ with British government. The government rigorously sustained its efforts in integrating the federal states and has sustained its economic expansionism in many of its politically controlled nations in eastern part, in Asia and in Hawaii (Norton & Katzman, 2011). The Great awakening assuaged the removal of slavery and paved toward the recognition of women as partners for economic development. Reconstruction era further bolstered the removal of discrimination and paved the way to naturalization of citizens. The 19th century featured United States as an imperial nation which subjugated Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam in a Treaty of Paris. Industrialization and progressive movements as the west accumulated wealth through import and export policies. The nation upholds the primacy of education to develop skilled and intellectual labor forces. Capitalism became its dominant economic philosophy while government focused on mining, agr iculture, telecommunication development and global marketing. It further gained power as its financial institution gained more control over nations who availed financial supports and loans at the height of economic depression (Norton & Katzman, 2011; Kinzer, 2011). The west gained the image as the first nation, global power and economic authority thru globalization. It wielded military power in World War I and considered communism as a Red Scare, a threat to American idealism, during the World War II. In this war, with allied nations, America supported partners with resources, food, petroleum and technology (Norton & Katzman, 2011; Kinzer, 2011). In 1920s, America suffered Great Depression which resulted to deflation and increase of unemployment rate. They were however able to restore the system by regulating and reforming the banking system, stock market and its economy. The nation vigorously sustained its geographic presence in many nations either by the deployment of its military forces in strategic regions, or by economic relations thru trade and offshore marketing, by gaining over nautical highways, and import-export relations using treaties and agreements (Tuveson, 1980). The mid part of the 19th century was considered as the cold war period where US and Russia gained the reputation of storing weapons of mass destructions. The era also showed partnership of US and Britain in their interest in West Germany, thus the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. Many decades, thereafter, US waged its anti-terrorism campaign against al-Qaeda network through allied nations. War in Iraq and Afghanistan ensued until the arrest and death of Osama Bin Laden, head of terrorist organization, in Pakistan recently. While America is admittedly dependent on oil from Middle East countries, but eastern nations, most of which are member states of OPEC, have difficulty in adapting the intellectual, technological, economic, and

Is Chocolate Good for You Essay Example for Free

Is Chocolate Good for You Essay [pic]A little of what you fancy does you good especially if it’s chocolate. Instead of feeling guilty for indulging, you can now feel virtuous, as chocolate is officially beneficial for health. And that’s just as well, as we Brits consume over 80 million chocolate eggs each Easter which works out at a staggering 9kg per person. Chocolate dates back to the time of the Aztecs when cocoa beans were so prized that they were used as currency during the reign of Montezuma. The Aztecs consumed chocolate in the form of a sweetened drink, which was believed to increase wisdom, boost energy levels and have a powerful aphrodisiac action. Modern forms of chocolate combine cocoa paste with cocoa butter, sugar and cream or milk, with a variety of additional flavourings such as vanilla, nuts and liqueurs that may improve the flavour, but may reduce its health value. We take a look at some of the pros and cons of eating chocolate this Easter The Pros: Antioxidant protection The reason chocolate gets the ‘thumbs up’ from researchers is because it contains large quantities of antioxidants chemicals that help to neutralise some of the harmful chemical reactions occurring as part of our metabolism and during exposure to pollutants. In essence, antioxidants stop us going rusty inside. Scientists have found that just 40g of chocolate contains more than 300mg of polyphenols the same type of antioxidants that give red wine its heart-protecting reputation. And if you like your chocolate dark, you will obtain twice as many polyphenols, similar amounts, in fact, as are found in a cup of green tea. What’s more, the polyphenols present in chocolate are of the super-protective variety known as procyanidin flavonoids. While some of these flavonoids contain just one unit and are classed as monomers, the most protective are those containing two, three or more units, known as oligomers. Yes, you’ve guessed it, chocolate is especially rich in the larger oligomers that can prevent harmful LDL-cholesterol from becoming oxidised and taken up into artery walls. Research recently published in the British Medical Journal suggested that a daily meal of seven ingredients, which included 100g dark chocolate (along with fish, fruit, vegetables, almonds, garlic and 150ml wine) could cut the risk of coronary heart disease by a massive 76%. The scientists predicted this could increase average life expectancy by six and a half years for men and five years for women. Surprisingly, olive oil was not included, as the researchers felt there was not enough solid evidence to support it as a single ingredient rather than as part of the Mediterranean diet. In contrast, they found clear evidence that eating 100g dark chocolate per day could reduce blood pressure by an average of 5.1/1.8mmHg, which is enough to reduce the risk of a heart attack or stroke by 21%. The feel-good factor Eating chocolate makes you feel good. It increases brain levels of several chemicals, including mood-altering PEA (phenylethylamine, related to amphetamine), which produces a mild, confidence-instilling buzz. Chocolate also contains tryptophan a chemical converted to serotonin in the brain to lift mood and increase euphoria and theobromine, a stimulant that peps you up. Chocolate is also virtually unique in that it melts in the mouth at body temperature, producing a silky, luscious sensation that adds to its appeal and, according to psychologists, is one of the main reasons why chocolate proves so addictive. Contains small amounts of caffeine The amount of caffeine contained in chocolate is around 10 times less than that in the average serving of coffee, tea or cola drinks. In fact, low intakes of caffeine can be beneficial, as they improve fat metabolism, exercise endurance, increase alertness and decrease the perception of effort and fatigue. The Cons: Expense Eating chocolate every day will undoubtedly increase your shopping bill. The BMJ researchers estimated it would cost ?3 per week, but that spending more for a premium brand of dark chocolate might be rewarded by improved quality of life. Calories Sadly, chocolate packs a lot of calories. Just 100g contains: Milk chocolate 520 kcals, dark chocolate 510 kcals and white chocolate 529 kcals. It does provide useful amounts of micronutrients, however. For example, 100g dark chocolate contains: 33mg calcium (compared with 220mg for milk chocolate), 89mg magnesium, 2.3mg iron, 0.7mg copper, 4mcg selenium and 1.4mgvitamin E. Glucose swings Sweetened chocolate contains lots of sugar, producing glucose swings which, as well as encouraging you to eat more, are increasingly linked with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is another reason why dark chocolate, which contains the least sugar, is better for you than milk and white chocolate. Low carbohydrate chocolate containing sweeteners such as maltitol, which do not affect blood glucose levels, are also becoming more widely available. Mood swings Chocolate that contains a lot of sugar can also cause swings in levels of endorphins brain chemicals that affect mood. This can, in turn, produce mood swings as well as carbohydrate cravings, one reason why women with pre-menstrual syndrome often crave chocolate before a period, when their endorphin levels are low. Unfortunately, as with addictive drugs, brain receptors eventually become desensitised to the mood-lifting effect of chocolate, so you tend to need more and more to get the same endorphin-raising effects. Acne The myth that chocolate can cause acne is not supported by the evidence, which suggests the culprit is hormonal fluctuations rather than dietary components. Tooth decay The fermentable sugar present in chocolate has the potential to trigger tooth decay. However, the antioxidants in chocolate may help to offset the acid-producing potential to a certain extent, while the calcium, phosphate and other minerals present especially in milk chocolate may also reduce the harmful effects on teeth. Including chocolate in your diet All in all, it seems that, as part of a balanced diet, we might all benefit from eating 100g chocolate per day but make sure it is dark and expensive! †¢ Eat it after a meal when you are full and less likely to over-indulge. †¢ Eating chocolate after a meal means you can clean teeth and floss soon afterwards perhaps with a chocolate flavoured toothpaste to prolong the pleasure! †¢ Buy small-sized bars, not family-sized slabs. †¢ Eat with fresh fruit the renewed craze for chocolate fondues makes this simplicity itself. †¢ Let chocolate rest in your mouth for long enough to melt and coat your taste buds and the roof of your mouth to experience the full range of flavours and textures. †¢ Learn to savour the lingering memory of each bite before immediately devouring the next.

Benefits and Challenges of Nurse Prescribing

Benefits and Challenges of Nurse Prescribing Specifically with Leg Ulcer Treatment the nurse prescribing practice help in delivering a complete episode of care, enables greater self-sufficiency and speeder access towards medication, time saving and expedient together with the early interference identifications, greater patient involvement (Courtenay, Berry 2007). Furthermore, it provides a means of formalising present prescribing activities and approaches, allow patients to receive better information from the nurses about the prescriptions and medications and thereby permitting a holistic practice (Courtenay 2007). Additionally, it enhances rapport with the leg ulcer patient, reduces length of stay owing to accurate prescribing management, improves knowledge and assessment skills in identifying the complications of leg ulcer along with co-morbid complexities and promotes the response time to addressing patient symptoms and withdrawal (dependency) effects (Gray, 2006). On the other hand, it was observed that the prescribed drug, Allevyn induced allergic reactions in the patient and this can be attributed to the potential implications of prescribing process. However, it cal also happen owing to increased work load and responsibilities upon the nurse, litigation fear, inter and intra professional conflicts, adherence towards medical model of care, lack of knowledge and accountability and absence of skills for prescribing process and dependency (Courtenay et al., 2007). REFERENCES Courtenay, M. 2007, Nurse Prescribing-the benefits and the pitfalls, Journal of Community Nursing, 21, 11. Courtenay, M., Berry, D. 2007, Comparing Nurses and Doctors views of Nurse Prescribing: A Questionnaire Survey, Nurse Prescribing, 5, 5. Gray, R. 2006, Nurse Prescribing: Raising Standards, Nurse Prescribing, 4, 8. Research study carried out by While and Biggs (2004) indicated that nurse prescribers cannot form a substitute for the general practitioners for the products within the limited formulary. Implementing a major role in the nurse prescribing practice requires assessment of numerous conditions including adequate education, preparation and training and designing formulary that convene patient and practitionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs (While, Biggs 2004). Report on the evaluation of eight pilot sites revealed that nurse prescribing was completely accompanied by anxiety and heightened apprehensions of accountability (Luker et al., 1997). To date back, National training for Nurse Prescribing was started in England, by the year of 1998 during which around 20, 000 nurses have qualified for the new role. The study carried out by Humphreys and Green (2000) illustrated the potential importance of infrastructure in the focus groups (n=12) obtaining the preparation concerned to nurse prescription at one institution (Humphreys, Green 2000). The implementation of extension standards in to supplementary nursing practice acknowledged the deliberate need for understanding pharmacology as the basis for prescribing process and to identify the nurses who play a major role in selection criteria pertaining to prescriber training (Department of Health, 2002). Towards the other side, in examining the speculative basis for mental health nurse prescribing process, it is very important to discuss the implicit theoretical tensions together with the experiences of registered nurse prescriber. Making a Difference (1999) was the key policy document published upon the extending phenomenon of nurse prescribing with an aim of saving time for the General Practitioners (Department of Health, 1999). However, the implicit support was arrived through National Health Service and it stressed on various ways of working and distorting the demarcating lines between the specialized groups in NHS with an interest on improved access to quality of health care (Brooks, 2001). Thus, it must be understood that benefits and challenges of Nurse Prescribing within the context of mental health include the following (Department of Health, 1999): Add up the knowledge and allow complete use of experience. Allow service transition from hospital to community based. Nurses must reveal that they are diagnostically competent for the process of patient assessment and prescribing. The prescribing process may distract the attention from other aspects of nursing roles. May result in developing dangers (like allergic reactions developed for Allevyn in the present study) and these get added up to nurseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role Conclusion Thus, to effective reduce the incidence of deleterious effects due to Nurse prescribing, a helpful action plan must be devised with the following objectives: To evaluate the prescribing approaches of nurses with relation to health visitors. To effectively understand the professional and contextual factors which enhance and inhibit the process of Nurse Prescribing To understand the views of practitioners and patients with relation to treatment offered by the nurses. Much research was performed with in this field of Nursing and still is needed in future to effectively explore the factors and to determine the steps for carrying out this process. Nevertheless, it is not a solitary effort and it demands the potential involvement of practitioners, patients, Nurses, local health organisations together with the government.

James Baldwins Narration and Analysis in Notes of a Native Son Essay

Experiences There is a very thin line between love and hate in James Baldwin’s essay â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† Throughout this essay James Baldwin continually makes references to life and death, blacks and whites, and love and hate. He uses his small experiences to explain a much larger, more complicated picture of life. From the first paragraph of the essay to the last paragraph, Baldwin continually makes connections on his point of view on life; beginning with the day his father died, to the time that his father was buried. James Baldwin is an outstanding author, who creatively displays his ability to weave narration and analysis throughout his essays. The binaries between life and death play a huge role in Baldwin’s â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† The day that James Baldwin’s father died, his mother had borne her last child. Although the day his father died was extremely upsetting, a new child coming into the world is exciting. This brings hope to the reader that eventually through all the trials and tribulations Baldwin goes through, that eventually he might find a state of peace. Baldwin’s father’s funeral happens to fall on Baldwin’s nineteenth birthday, which brings up another way Baldwin is able to show how life and death affect this essay. Instead of trying to deal with his father’s death with his family, Baldwin decides to celebrate his birthday with a bottle of whiskey and a girl that he knew. Baldwin is unsure of what to do now that his father is gone. He says, â€Å"I imagine I decided it, since, as the funeral hour approached, it became clearer and clearer to me that I would not know what to do with myself when it was over† (Baldwin 77). Baldwin figures that if he gets drunk enoug... ...ne to them and they would not tolerate it. So instead of cowering to the white girl’s â€Å"white power† they stood up for themselves; and showed this girl that she was not better than them just because of her skin color. It is these girls that help to diminish the â€Å"separate but equal† facilities. James Baldwin is an incredible essayist. He skillfully intertwines his own experiences growing up, into a more universal theory. Using binaries, Baldwin explains the hatred between whites and blacks and his desire for a change. His point of view on life is slightly different from the beginning of the essay to the last. However, he creatively shows these changes through narration and analysis. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York, New York, Library of America, 1998. 70-84.

An Analysis of Russos Empire Falls :: Empire Falls Essays

An Analysis of Russo's Empire Falls The characters in Empire Falls go through many changes throughout the novel. By the end of the novel Miles is changed drastically. He begins the novel as a slow moving, trusting, somewhat depressed individual. By the end of the novel, Miles has achieved an epiphany. No longer letting the world step on his dreams, Miles goes after with a roar the dreams and desires that have lain dormant for twenty years. His ex-wife, Janine, also comes to realize that the dreams she thought she had are not necessarily what she wants after all. Janine comes to accept herself for Janine, instead of flailing around wildly trying to find herself in outward appearances. Tick has learned a lesson that we all come to at some point in our lives, that people are not always good and there is danger in the world. Charlie Mayne tells Miles that "There are things that grown-ups intend and want to do, but somehow just can’t." (p. 472). In all of Empire Falls, this theme is echoed. There are dreams denied or put on hold. There are characters desperately trying to do what they think is right but failing miserably. The entire town is moving in slow motion toward their own individual explosions. The novel itself meanders along, like the Knox River. Russo says in the Preface, "What water wanted to do was flow downhill by the straightest possible route. Meandering was what happened when a river’s best intentions were somehow thwarted." This is what the population of Empire Fall’s has been doing for twenty years meandering. To emphasize this theme, Russo himself meanders, oftentimes leaving the reader wondering when something dramatic would happen. In life, this is what so many people do also. People are always waiting for something to happen, always hoping that their waiting is the right thing to do and everything will come out right in the end. But all this attitude does is cause a build up that explodes when the dam bursts, as can be seen in the events that unfold in the last chapters of the novel. Russo won the Pulitzer Prize for his novel, Empire Falls. The paragraph above emphasizes the main reason that I find for the novel being such a success. The manner in which Russo is able to actually weave this concept of ‘waiting’ into his story by creating a feeling of time moving slowly, of anticipation.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Employs Typical Features of the Gothic Trad

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Employs Typical Features of the Gothic Tradition One of the most important aspects of any Gothic novel is setting. Mary Shelly's Frankenstein is an innovative and disturbing work that weaves a tale of passion, misery, dread, and remorse. Some would argue that Frankenstein is a classic Gothic novel. By a classically Gothic novel it is meant that the story employs a traditionally scary theme. This could include such things as dark and dreary castles set in isolated surroundings replete with dungeons. Supernatural beings such as ghosts and living dead may be included in the twisted, thrilling, unveiling tale. The novel does contain many Gothic characteristics in a sense that it does explore the uses of dark dreary basements, where the monstrous creature is made. Frankenstein is not set in a dull and dreary basement but you could say that where Frankenstein worked on his creation to be a gloomy dreary room. There is a struggle between good and evil throughout the story, an example of this is seen in Victor Frank enstein and his monster. We also get a lot of suspense around the person who is next to be murdered or die. An example of this is before Elizabeth dies when Victor Frankenstein is anticipating his own death. The Author of Frankenstein the novel Mary Shelly had a very unfortunate childhood. Death reeked all around her throughout her life. Her mother died giving birth to Mary and ever since Mary had blamed herself for the death of her mother and this is one of the many factors of her life that can be related to the novel disturbing story line. Her sister and her son William perished before her in along line of illness and disease. Chapter five starts with p... ...entence also hints at what is to happen to Elizabeth as later on in the novel she is killed by the monster on there wedding night and in the sentence Mary Shelly has used the alliteration of "folds of the funnel" to emphasise the element of horror. Such descriptive words as shroud, grave-worms and corpse all create a sense of reality. They are harsh and produce internal horror. In all I think that Frankenstein can be classed as classically gothic novel. It contains continuous references to typically gothic features. Such scenes as the creation of the creature and the frequently occurring deaths all help to analyse the novel. The novel contains internal and external horror that is cleverly used to make the novel more exciting and satisfying. Works Cited Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Bedford Press, 1992.

Parental Involvement in the School Setting

As the diverseness of the United States school system continues to turn, the pedagogues of today are progressively strained to supply the best instruction possible for every kid. Regardless of the physical assets or funding a school may hold, indispensable resources remain: the parents of the pupils. But with the altering demographics of pupils ‘ households and more feverish agendas, is the room female parent ( or father ) outlook many instructors might hold realistic in today ‘s society? In peculiar countries of the state, it is more common to see stay-at-home female parents or male parents, or parents with flexible work agendas, due to greater richness. It is typically this type of single that we associate with room female parents ( or male parents ) who are assisting in the schoolroom. While all socioeconomic groups stand to profit from parental engagement in the schools, Lam ( 2002 ) acknowledges that parent engagement helps â€Å" provide pupils with the attending and resources they lack from school. † Schools with less money, so, should profit most from the activity of parents in the schoolroom. When instructors in urban or rural schoolrooms lack books or stuffs, parents can come to the deliverance by going involved at school. Schools that are going more racially diverse can harvest great benefits from parental engagement. Hill et Al. ( 2004 ) found that parent engagement in faculty members related positively to achievement for African American pupils. For urban, low-income pupils in the Head Start plan, engagement of parents in the schools helped better behavior behaviours, hyperactivity, and a deficiency of attending. This is peculiarly true when engagement in the school accompanies educational support at place. ( Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Perry 2004 ) The issue that arises is that many parents in the communities in demand do non hold the ability to assist in the traditional sense. For illustration, parents in an underprivileged country may be working multiple occupations to prolong their households, and it is non an option to pass an hr a hebdomad with his or her pupil ‘s schoolroom. Or immigrant parents may experience unable to assist because they do non talk the linguistic communication used in the school. And possibly the parents are ashamed about their ain degree of academic attainment and their inability to assist their kids with school assignment. A 2004 survey by Hill et Al. found that parent engagement in school from 7th through 11th class helped diminish behavioural jobs, which in bend related to accomplishment and aspirations. However, this was merely the instance for parents with higher educational degrees themselves. For the lower parental instruction group, the lone facet schoolroom engagement helped was with aspirations. One ground for this consequence may be a cyclical procedure identified in a survey by Englund et Al. ( 2004 ) Parents who themselves are knowing will supply better direction to their kids prior to schooling. This educational support early in life correlatives with a higher IQ, and a higher Intelligence quotient additions parent outlooks for their kid and parent engagement in the schoolroom. Contradictory grounds exists every bit good, saying that parents ‘ instruction degrees do non impact their engagement in schools, because instruction may be a contradictory factor with employment, clip, or oth er variables. An illustration of how the typical parental engagement strategy of some instructors does n't work is evidenced in Martinez and Valazquez ‘s 2000 article on Latino migratory workers. They write that instructors typically hold the outlook that parent engagement in their kids ‘s instruction should go around around fixing kids for school, coming to school-sponsored events, and making activities the instructor petitions. However, the life fortunes of many Hispanic migrator workers prevent them from carry throughing this function. When these persons lack clip, eloquence in English, and educational attainment, they find they are unable to run into teacher outlooks. It is non that they are unwilling – it is that they are incapable given their state of affairs. Evidence shows that acquiring parents involved in their kids ‘s schools can merely take to positive consequences, but many parents in our multicultural society are unable to mirror the typical â€Å" involved parent † image many instructors hold as a criterion. Influences of employment can impede the clip available for assisting in the schoolroom, and embarrassment about educational degree or linguistic communication proficiency deter those who would otherwise be able to be active in the schoolroom. An essay by Cotton and Wickelund ( 1989 ) points out that parents from deprived backgrounds can do a difference and experience worthwhile in the schoolroom if given proper preparation and encouragement by the school disposal and instructor. While pedagogues learn how to better turn to the demands of pupils in the diverse schoolroom, the demands and desires of parents should be considered a cardinal factor in the success of these kids. To better the engagement of parents in schools, instructors should believe outside of the typical meetings and chaperoning field trip roles that merely certain parents can afford to carry through. An article in Parents magazine describes options such as keeping a school web page or staffing a prep hotline. Parents who speak non-English linguistic communications could assist pass on assignments with pupils who speak the same linguistic communication. Teachers can videotape or telecast meetings and events so people who are non free during the school twenty-four hours can see them at a clip more convenient for them. Addressing the demands of the household and community as a whole is another manner to promote engagement by a diverse population, as advocated in an Education World online article. Making a household centre at the school to promote communicating allows parents to halt by the school at their convenience. Family needs can be assessed to supply for greater attention for the household unit and community. For illustration, if a household needs societal service referrals or improved entree to healthcare, the school can move as a affair to guarantee that these basic demands are met. Children can larn better in schools when they are healthy and supported, and trust between the parents and the school can be established when households know the kids are being cared for even beyond the school twenty-four hours. Finally, leting parents and households to take part in the ways in which they feel comfy can do being involved a less intimidating undertaking. Teachers and decision makers understand that making a supportive educational environment for their pupils is the first measure toward academic success. While it is hard to command precisely how the parent-child interaction occurs outside of the schoolroom, research shows that acquiring parents involved in the schoolroom can assist kids of all backgrounds reach their educational ends. However, there is a demand for alteration in the eyes of pedagogues as to what defines â€Å" parental engagement. † As our communities evolve and become progressively diverse, it is indispensable to be cognizant of the reserves parents may hold about being active in school. Thus it is the school ‘s duty to measure the demands of the community and the accomplishments parents can supply, and so supply parents with the flexibleness, adjustments, and encouragement necessary to include all parents in the educational system. Parental Involvement In The School Setting As the diverseness of the United States school system continues to turn, the pedagogues of today are progressively strained to supply the best instruction possible for every kid. Regardless of the physical assets or funding a school may hold, indispensable resources remain: the parents of the pupils. But with the altering demographics of pupils ‘ households and more feverish agendas, is the room female parent ( or father ) outlook many instructors might hold realistic in today ‘s society? In peculiar countries of the state, it is more common to see stay-at-home female parents or male parents, or parents with flexible work agendas, due to greater richness. It is typically this type of single that we associate with room female parents ( or male parents ) who are assisting in the schoolroom. While all socioeconomic groups stand to profit from parental engagement in the schools, Lam ( 2002 ) acknowledges that parent engagement helps â€Å" provide pupils with the attending and resources they lack from school. † Schools with less money, so, should profit most from the activity of parents in the schoolroom. When instructors in urban or rural schoolrooms lack books or stuffs, parents can come to the deliverance by going involved at school. Schools that are going more racially diverse can harvest great benefits from parental engagement. Hill et Al. ( 2004 ) found that parent engagement in faculty members related positively to achievement for African American pupils. For urban, low-income pupils in the Head Start plan, engagement of parents in the schools helped better behavior behaviours, hyperactivity, and a deficiency of attending. This is peculiarly true when engagement in the school accompanies educational support at place. ( Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Perry 2004 ) The issue that arises is that many parents in the communities in demand do non hold the ability to assist in the traditional sense. For illustration, parents in an underprivileged country may be working multiple occupations to prolong their households, and it is non an option to pass an hr a hebdomad with his or her pupil ‘s schoolroom. Or immigrant parents may experience unable to assist because they do non talk the linguistic communication used in the school. And possibly the parents are ashamed about their ain degree of academic attainment and their inability to assist their kids with school assignment. A 2004 survey by Hill et Al. found that parent engagement in school from 7th through 11th class helped diminish behavioural jobs, which in bend related to accomplishment and aspirations. However, this was merely the instance for parents with higher educational degrees themselves. For the lower parental instruction group, the lone facet schoolroom engagement helped was with aspirations. One ground for this consequence may be a cyclical procedure identified in a survey by Englund et Al. ( 2004 ) Parents who themselves are knowing will supply better direction to their kids prior to schooling. This educational support early in life correlatives with a higher IQ, and a higher Intelligence quotient additions parent outlooks for their kid and parent engagement in the schoolroom. Contradictory grounds exists every bit good, saying that parents ‘ instruction degrees do non impact their engagement in schools, because instruction may be a contradictory factor with employment, clip, or oth er variables. An illustration of how the typical parental engagement strategy of some instructors does n't work is evidenced in Martinez and Valazquez ‘s 2000 article on Latino migratory workers. They write that instructors typically hold the outlook that parent engagement in their kids ‘s instruction should go around around fixing kids for school, coming to school-sponsored events, and making activities the instructor petitions. However, the life fortunes of many Hispanic migrator workers prevent them from carry throughing this function. When these persons lack clip, eloquence in English, and educational attainment, they find they are unable to run into teacher outlooks. It is non that they are unwilling – it is that they are incapable given their state of affairs. Evidence shows that acquiring parents involved in their kids ‘s schools can merely take to positive consequences, but many parents in our multicultural society are unable to mirror the typical â€Å" involved parent † image many instructors hold as a criterion. Influences of employment can impede the clip available for assisting in the schoolroom, and embarrassment about educational degree or linguistic communication proficiency deter those who would otherwise be able to be active in the schoolroom. An essay by Cotton and Wickelund ( 1989 ) points out that parents from deprived backgrounds can do a difference and experience worthwhile in the schoolroom if given proper preparation and encouragement by the school disposal and instructor. While pedagogues learn how to better turn to the demands of pupils in the diverse schoolroom, the demands and desires of parents should be considered a cardinal factor in the success of these kids. To better the engagement of parents in schools, instructors should believe outside of the typical meetings and chaperoning field trip roles that merely certain parents can afford to carry through. An article in Parents magazine describes options such as keeping a school web page or staffing a prep hotline. Parents who speak non-English linguistic communications could assist pass on assignments with pupils who speak the same linguistic communication. Teachers can videotape or telecast meetings and events so people who are non free during the school twenty-four hours can see them at a clip more convenient for them. Addressing the demands of the household and community as a whole is another manner to promote engagement by a diverse population, as advocated in an Education World online article. Making a household centre at the school to promote communicating allows parents to halt by the school at their convenience. Family needs can be assessed to supply for greater attention for the household unit and community. For illustration, if a household needs societal service referrals or improved entree to healthcare, the school can move as a affair to guarantee that these basic demands are met. Children can larn better in schools when they are healthy and supported, and trust between the parents and the school can be established when households know the kids are being cared for even beyond the school twenty-four hours. Finally, leting parents and households to take part in the ways in which they feel comfy can do being involved a less intimidating undertaking. Teachers and decision makers understand that making a supportive educational environment for their pupils is the first measure toward academic success. While it is hard to command precisely how the parent-child interaction occurs outside of the schoolroom, research shows that acquiring parents involved in the schoolroom can assist kids of all backgrounds reach their educational ends. However, there is a demand for alteration in the eyes of pedagogues as to what defines â€Å" parental engagement. † As our communities evolve and become progressively diverse, it is indispensable to be cognizant of the reserves parents may hold about being active in school. Thus it is the school ‘s duty to measure the demands of the community and the accomplishments parents can supply, and so supply parents with the flexibleness, adjustments, and encouragement necessary to include all parents in the educational system.

Egypt and Mesopotamia Essay

Most societies that developed in ancient civilizations were centered around their belief systems. The Egyptians and the Mesopotamians were no different in this sense. Both civilizations were polytheistic and built elaborate temples to praise their gods. Additionally, the leaders in both regions were believed to be related to the gods because of the great power they held and the wealth under their control. However, the Mesopotamians had a pessimistic outlook on life because of the unpredictability of their environment. The Egyptians, on the other hand, had an optimistic outlook because the Nile River inundated their region regularly, which could be predicted by the stars. The similarities and differences in the religions of these two regions may be attributable to the relative geographical isolationism of the two areas, which allowed them to develop without the influence of outside cultures. Both ancient cultures built sophisticated monuments to praise their gods. The Egyptians constructed a vast network of impressive temples to honor their many gods, each of which had an elite staff of priests whose job was to care for the temple and the gods. One of the most prominent temples was Abu Simbel, which was carved out of the side of a cliff and had four giant statues of Ramses, the â€Å"Alexander the Great† of Egypt, guarding the entrance. Another notable example was the mortuary temple of King Khufu at Giza, which had polished limestone floors and ornately painted columns. The Mesopotamians built ziggurats to glorify their gods, which were considered â€Å"stairways to heaven.† One of the most famous ziggurats was the enormous, complex structure built at Ur which reached up to almost 100 feet. It was erected to honor the moon goddess Nanna, the divine patron of the city state. The gods were central to both cultures and, as a result, much time was devoted to constructing and maintaining their monuments. The importance of the gods in their cultures was also reflected in their political structure. Both societies believed that their leaders were somehow related to their gods. The Egyptians believed that their pharaohs were the reincarnation of the sun god Re, the chief god who held the most power of all of the gods. This was believed because the pharaohs had immense power, governed huge areas of lands, and controlled vast resources such as gold and slaves. The pharaohs also elevated their status by building huge structures to the gods that seemed to transcend their earthly life, such as the pyramids and temples. The pharaohs used ordinary Egyptians to build the pyramids, not slaves, because the Egyptians wanted to please the god king so they would be guaranteed a place in the afterlife. The pharaohs also conquered thousands of square miles of land through military victories which seemed almost impossible for mere mortals. Similarly, the Mesopotamian kings were believed to be the sons of gods. The god the kings were related to depended on the city state’s main god, which was usually Anu. The king was also the chief priest which continued the relationship, keeping them close to the gods. The kings took on massive public works projects as well as military conquests which further cemented this belief. Because of the importance of the gods to these societies, their leaders were raised to a â€Å"godly† status as a reflection of their significance and as a result of their many accomplishments, which also gave the people a more tangible connection to the gods. While both societies honored their gods and saw their leaders related to the gods, the Mesopotamians had a pessimistic outlook on life because they believed that the actions of their gods were unforeseeable while the Egyptians had an optimistic outlook on life because they believed their gods were predictable. The Mesopotamians beliefs arose because their region had an unstable environment. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers often overflowed their banks in flash floods, ruining farmland and houses as well as killing people and livestock. The environment also varied when they had droughts that led to famines and then regular rainfall which gave them food surpluses. In addition, the major factor that ended this civilization was the environmental decline because of over farming which led to an ecological disaster that still plagues this region to this day. The Egyptians, on the other hand, believed that their gods were predictable because their environment was very unsurprising. They could forecast the inundation of the Nile River by looking at the stars. As a result, they believed the gods were telling them things through the stars. Therefore, their priests often looked to the heavens for answers, blending science into their religion and resulting in a certain amount of control over their lives. But because everything that happened was attributed to the gods, the outlook on life for both societies was closely linked to the region they lived and the problems that were encountered. The gods were central to both Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies. The architecture of both regions reflected the religious symbols that were instrumental to the faith of the people. The leaders in both societies were considered to be related to the gods because of the amazing structures they built and the accomplishments they achieved. Finally, the perception of life was determined by environmental factors that shaped the peoples view of how their gods treated them. At the heart of their religions, the Egyptians and Mesopotamians were focused on pleasing their gods so that they would be rewarded and anything bad that happened was attributed to not satisfying the gods. Unaffected by outside influences, these civilizations shared many similarities in how their religions shaped their cultures but also had differences which arose from the impact of their geographical location.

Mexican American Cultures Essay

Even though the American culture and Mexican culture have similarities, they are more different than alike. Me being Mexican-American and living so close to the Mexican-American border, I’m very familiar with these two cultures. Some differences are sports, form of speaking, and even dinner time. These might be shocking, but very true. One of the major differences is sports. In the Mexican culture, one grows up playing, and watching soccer. One probably cheers for the â€Å"Tijuana Xolos,† or â€Å"Cruz Azul,† and or maybe even â€Å"La America. † There are many teams but one’s family is a die-heart fan of one in specific. As a baby one’s first word is most likely â€Å"goal† or â€Å"penal. † In the Mexican culture one eat, sleeps, and breathes soccer. On contraire of soccer, in the American culture, football is a must. Every Sunday you’ll be dressed up in your team’s jersey and spend 4 hours screaming at the t. v. Sundays are holly for a football family, you grill, invite friends over and watch men tackle all day. In addition you’ll probably even throw in some curse words while you’re watching your favorite teams whether it’s the â€Å"San Diego Chargers† or â€Å"New England Patriots,† or many other professional football teams. One very important difference is the form of speaking and language. In the Mexican culture one will most likely learn and speak Spanish first before any other language. In Spanish, for elders or someone superior to you, you speak in what is called â€Å"forma de usted. † It’s very disrespectful to speak informally to an elder or any of your superiors and take offence of it. One is taught since a very young age la forma de usted because one’s parents expect one to speak appropriate to their superiors and not embarrass them while out. Typically one exception for la forma de usted is with one’s parents, but in my case, it wasn’t. In the American culture, you generally speak one language, English. In English there really isn’t a formal way to address your elders or superiors. One speaks informally to everybody, whether it’s one’s boss, mother, or friend. There is no respectful or specific way to speak to them. Different from the Mexican culture, everybody is on an equal level, so it doesn’t require speaking formally to anybody. Another difference is in a typical Mexican household the kids come home from school and do their homework at the table while their mom prepares dinner. Dinner is served at four p. m. but will not be eaten until everybody from the family is seated at the table, and ready to give thanks to the â€Å"Virgin Maria† for their food. Generally dinner is a dish that involves eating a tortilla with, and or beans. Different from the Mexican culture, in the American culture, one eats at around six p. m. It is typically around the time the parents get out of work, which is later on in the day. Usually they serve themselves and some eat in the living room while others eat in their rooms, very rarely to all eat seated together at the dinner table. Due to the busy routine that one has in America, that sense of family unity has lost its meaning, which reflects on something as simple as dinner time. As one can see the Mexican culture and the American culture are different in many ways. Each culture has their own unique characteristics which makes each of them special in their own way. Sports, form of speaking, and dinner time are little differences but make a huge difference in each culture.

Houstons Land Use Policy Essay

Houston is a large city with very unique qualities that most cities cannot even begin to understand, but is this just Houstonian pride talking? No, actually one of the unique qualities that Houston has is how we handle our land use planning. Houston is well known for not having any zoning ordinances, which has become a well-known topic for a while now. People argue weather our lack of zoning is chaotic, unorthodox, or independent and distinct. Another unique quality that we have is where our political culture stands. Dr. Elazar’s â€Å"Individualistic – Traditionalistic† study of political culture talks about three categories moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic, which entails what category Texas falls in and why. This study of Political culture can help relate to reasons why Houston lacks at land use planning and whether it is for the best or worse. The land use planning in Houston is different from other cities because we don’t have zoning o rdinance, meaning that we can have for example â€Å"the fanciest restaurant in town right next to a tattoo parlor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ,UH of Architecture Dean Patricia Oliver. Other cities have a different system that involves color-coded maps that let people know where and what they can and can’t have in those properties. Cities that have regulations do it because they believe that if the government doesn’t tell them what to do with the land it would be chaotic. Houston, on the other hand thinks that property owners decide what works best for their property not the government. Even though everything seems unrestricted in Houston we do have a form of organizing certain areas like neighborhoods with â€Å"deed restrictions† where owners voluntarily agree to certain restrictions when they buy property. We also have â€Å"property rights† which means that one the government cannot tell you what to do with your land. Due to the system that Houston uses to administer the land use, most housing becomes affordable an example is also the way Houston evaded the real estate bubble. The broader picture to Houston is that it comes from the biggest state in the U.S, Texas. Texas has a vast amount of people and within these people there  are different types of mindsets but there are also similar ones things like this are what describe are Political culture which the book, Texas Politics 12th edition, defines it as a shared system of values, beliefs and habits of behavior with regard about politics. Dr. Elazar describes political culture as everyone being impacted by the beliefs and values of the dominant groups in society; these groups can range in between three categories of political culture moralistic, Individualistic, and traditionalistic. According to the book, moralistic political culture is when citizens understand the state and the nation as commonwealths designed to further the shared interest of everyone. In Individualistic political culture, citizens understand the state and the nation as marketplaces in which people strive to better their personal welfare, citizen participation is encouraged. In Traditionalistic political culture, citizens technically believe in democracy, but emphasize respect to elite rule within a hierarchal society and citizen participation is not encouraged. Texas stands right in between Individualistic and Traditionalistic in the scale of political culture. Texas is a midpoint between individualistic and traditionalistic; some people think that there is a correlation between the zoning and the political culture in Houston, Texas. Research has shown that the state has a very strong business oriented perspective which means they’re more open to the ideas of the public, Individualistic. This explains how in Houston we don’t have the government tell us where we can do with our property we can put any business where we please. The traditionalistic culture in Texas comes from the way the elite groups are the ones that rule, this idea is active through the projection of restriction with â€Å"deed restrictions† and â€Å"Property rights† where the majority choose what they want or only approve of government activity if they favor to their likings. The land use planning in Houston is unique compared to other cities in the U.S. We have no zoning restrictions meaning we chose where we want are properties and what we do with them. The only exception is when the majority of people make a decision on what can happen on a certain area like a neighborhood. The political culture of Texas, which is in between individualistic and traditionalistic and it is portrayed in the land use planning in Houston. Citations Newell, Charldean, David F. Prindle, and James W. Riddlesperger. â€Å"Texas Political Culture.†Texas Politics. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. Teas, Anderew. â€Å"HCC Eagle Online: Login to the Site.† HCC Eagle Online: Login to the Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

Computing Footprints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Computing Footprints - Essay Example One of the articles had the main punch line that three sectors of economy viz., housing, transport, and food together account for 50% of household spending on the average, and at the same time account for 70-75% of climate change and often other impacts. The rest of the paper is more on the methodology side, essentially supporting this finding. This finding is valid for different countries, different cities, and even different continents. Further, it is also valid across different methodologies and in particular across the two methodologies of LCA, viz., input and output base study, which is also called the ‘top-down’ approach and process life cycle inventory database study, termed the ‘bottom-up’ approach. While both methodologies are for life cycle assessment, the top-down study is more popular. Emphasizing the differences between top down and bottom up studies, Prof. Norris explained that the top-down approach uses input and output data based on consumption. Within the input and output data base study, we compare purchasing categories. The top-down study is based on uniform data source, uniform coverage, and approach, while the bottom-up study has to combine data from different studies and methodologies.     

The Oregon Dispute and its Settlement Summary Essay

The Oregon Dispute and its Settlement Summary - Essay Example However, the aftermath of this moment prepared Japan for most important feat in history. Surprisingly, after this interaction, America and Japan would be at war as the Americans struggled to stamp its authority on Japan (Fallows 20). Mathew Perry was an important figure during this conduct in that he was well prepared by training and temperament for negotiation in Japan. More so, Perry dedicated his entire career to the expansion of the American navy. Perry’s first important mission in 1819 was to transport slaves to Africa during the founding of Liberia. During this time, he did not witness the combat until he was in his 50s at the battle of Veracruz in the Mexican war as the nation Kept on expanding westward towards a second sea frontier on the Pacific. The opening up of America to Japan for trade was aided by the fact that there was invention of new maritime vessels that were powered by steam. By 1850, the first and graceful clipper vessel had made America to take the lead in the shipping trade (Fallows 22). But, the Britons were outperforming Americans in the steamships. The steam ships required coal to power their engines but the clippers had to choose the routes to China depending on the basis of favorable winds. On the other hand, steamers were more deliberate in that they followed a great circle route up to Alaska and then down to the Japanese Archipelago. It was on this ground that Senator Daniel Webster of New Hampshire discovered that Japan had coal deposits thus declaring that it was time to establish oceanic steam navigation. The American expansion to Japan was facilitated by the desire to expand a coal using steam powered navy. In addition, the Americans wanted to find markets in Japan in order to develop and convert more souls. Initially American expansion to Japan in 1700s was characterized by persecution in that the Japanese used to torture American sailors and whalers. More so, their ships were wrecked on the shores of the oceans. There was need to protect the whalers from these problems and destroy the religious practice of the Japanese people. It is vital to note that during the time of American expansion to Japan, the British had just won its opium war against China while the Russians were approaching from the North, swarming around were the French and Dutch. The American government watched this with great care and that Millard Fillmore commissioned the Japan expedition by convincing Mathew Perry to command it (Fallows 24). Japan adopted her own seclusion policies under the leadership of Shogun and they did not want Japan to interact with the outside world. On day, American whalers rescued a Japanese fisherman known as Kajima who was ship wrecked and he was taken to live in New England. Under the seclusion laws of Japan, it was an offense to leave the country and come back if one had escaped. Despite this, Kajima decided to risk returning home. Surprisingly, he was not killed instead he was sent to Nagasaki and told to say everything he knew about United States. He said that America was lewd by nature and that their toilets are placed over holes in the ground. The Japanese repelled any foreign ship that docked at their sea. For instance, before Mathew Perry landed in Japan, James Biddle of the U.S nay had been humiliated by the Japanese and was ordered never to return in

Share Trading Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Share Trading Assignment - Essay Example Trading Activities Buying of Shares with the notional ?100,000 888 Holdings PLC (888.L) ?31.25 as at September 30, 2011 11:07 Prev Close: 32.75 Open: 32.25 Bid: 35.50 Ask: 36.00 1y Target Est: 1.05 Beta: N/A Next Earnings Date: N/A Purchase cost ?54,000.00 1,500 shares times the ask price of ?36.00 per share. Stamp Duty ?270.00 ?32,750 times 0.005 (Note: 0.005 = 0.5%) Brokers commission ?10.00 It is ?10.00 whatever the size of the trade. Total ?54,280.00 Shares of 888 Holdings Plc seemed to be very lucrative hence the desire to buy them. What’s more, there has been an increasing trend in the value of shares of 888 Holdings Plc, which made it even more lucrative. Vodafone Group PLC (VOD.L) ?166.25 as at September 30, 2011 Prev Close: 166.25 Open: 167.15 Bid: 168.30 Ask: 168.35 1y Target Est: 199.14 Beta: N/A Next Earnings Date: N/A Purchase cost ?45,454.50 270 shares times the ask price of ?168.35 per share. Stamp Duty ?227.27 ?13,300 times 0.005 (Note: 0.005 = 0.5%) Brokers co mmission ?10.00 It is ?10.00 whatever the size of the trade. Total ?45,691.77 Despite recent drop in the value of shares, Vodafone Plc shares seemed attractive to invest in given the status of the company. The company has grown considerable thus proving that there is possibility of future prospects. What’s more, there were indications that the firm’s share is very attractive in the market hence trading on the shares may be very easy. The total amount invested in the two firms is given by 1,500 shares of 888 Holdings Plc ?54,280.00 270 shares of Vodafone Plc ?45,691.77 Total ?99,971.77 Selling of Shares 888 Holdings PLC (888.L) ?72.00 3.25(4.73%) 11:07 (April 16, 2012) Prev Close: 68.75 Open: 68.25 Bid: 71.50 Ask: 72.00 1y Target Est: 1.05 Beta: N/A Next Earnings Date: N/A Selling Revenue ?107,250.00 1500 shares times the ask price of ?71.50 per share. Brokers commission ?10.00 It is ?10.00 whatever the size of the trade. Total ?107,240.00 Vodafone Group PLC (VOD.L) 71. 54 2.09(1.23%) 11:12AM (April 16, 2012) Prev Close: 169.45 Open: 169.35 Bid: 171.50 Ask: 171.55 1y Target Est: 199.14 Beta: N/A Next Earnings Date: N/A Purchase cost ?46,305.00 270 shares times the ask price of ?171.50 per share. Brokers commission ?10.00 It is ?10.00 whatever the size of the trade. Total ?46,295.00 Total Revenue obtained from selling the shares 1,500 shares of 888 Holdings Plc ?107,240.00 270 shares of Vodafone Plc ?46,295.00 Total ?153,535.00 Percentage Profit from the Trading * 100 = 53.53% FTSE All-Share index is 5,300 on September 31, 2011 and 5,678 on April 16, 2012 at 1400 hours. = 7.13% Therefore, on the basis of the above calculations on Percentage profit and FTSE All-share index, there is no doubt that the trading was able to beat the FTSE All-share index. Critical diary Trading within the stock exchange market is a tricky and challenging aspect of commerce. Every individual involved in investment or trading within the stock exchange market has to be equip ped with adequate and up to date information on the performance of the various stocks or shares within the stock exchange market. One way of attaining such adequate and up to date information is extensive reading and listening to business news. Consequently, before engaging in this trade, I read many articles, journals, listened to and watched much business news. From the articles, journal

Genetic reprogramming holds great promise for the discipline of Research Paper

Genetic reprogramming holds great promise for the discipline of regenerative medicine, because of the ability to obtain patient- - Research Paper Example These cells are similar to embryonic cells in that they can differentiate into the various body cells under favorable conditions. The advantage of iPSCs cells over the embryonic cells is that they do not need embryos during production. This makes the technology ethically acceptable. IPSCs cells production involves inserting of stem cell associated genes into specialized somatic cells using viral vectors (Xiong et al 1). Genetic engineers hopefully believe iPSCs cells will initiate the production of cells or tissue from a patient that will repair the damaged tissues. The cells regenerated through induced pluripotent stem cell method are most suitable in restoring damaged cells and tissues. This is because the patient’s immune system will readily tolerate them. This will eliminate the problem of graft rejection exhibited in xenografts or isografts. Elimination of immune suppressive drugs on patients usually does happen. Despite all these seemingly possible setbacks, induced plur ipotent stem cells have proofed to be the future of the regenerative medicine. Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease and other disorders will find cure after the establishment of this technology. Application of iPSCs in treatment of cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease affects the cardiovascular system (the heart and the blood vessels). These diseases include coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism among others. The iPSCs technology promises a positive break through to the medicine world (Amit &Joseph112). The ability to induce adult specific cells into stem cell without use of embryo enables clinicians to change other cells from a patient. The body recognizes the cells as self and therefore no rejection can occur. Researchers are successfully modeling many cardiovascular diseases by this technology. The improved understanding of the cardiovascular diseases provides a better treatment in the medicine world. Formation of cardiomy ocytes Reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs is by integrating or non-integrating method. The integrating method uses viral vector while the non-integrating method uses a plasmid to deliver the genes. For cardiovascular disease treatment, the most suitable is the non-integrating method. Reprogramming of the fibroblasts of the dermis of the patient produces the iPSCs for use. A method called embroyoid body differentiation turns the iPSCs to revolve into cardiomyocytes (Nelson et al 2). The cardiac cells produced this way show the same characteristics of human cardiac cells although they may differ in morphology. To determine functionality of the iPSCs, cardiomyocytes researchers use molecular techniques such as immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction techniques (Amit & Joseph117). The cardiomyocytes formed from patient cells posses the mutations that cause disease in the patient. These cells serve as the model for the disease and therefore further investigations are pos sible. Modeling of inherited cardiovascular diseases is very important in determining its cure. The iPSCs cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) provide the best model for these diseases. The iPSCs provide insights to concerns of heart repair. This technology is a potential source of cells for repairing the heart and blood vessels. Studies done by Li and co-researchers gave the evidence that induced pluripotent stem cells would provide unlimited resources for transplantation. This form of tissue

Interpetive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpetive - Essay Example In the beginning, the streets of London are represented by Woolf as amazingly pleasing and interesting to people. Walking around the city of London arouses the imaginations and discoveries of identity where people are unbound to shortly become â€Å"a nomad wandering the desert, a mystic staring at the sky, a debauchee in the slums of San Francisco, a soldier heading a revolution, a pariah howling with skepticism and solitude† (Woolf 3). This sense of liberty and independence while walking the streets of London somehow manages to merge the individual identity of the narrator to those of the passing crowd. The narrator is simply carried away by the exquisiteness and magnificence of the city that dissolves any form of her hang-up into a â€Å"central oyster of perceptiveness† (Woolf 1). Her character then becomes identity-less as she absorbs the color and light of the city roads. But when the door shuts on us, all that vanishes. The shell-like covering which our souls hav e excreted to house themselves, to make fro themselves a shape distinct from others, is broken, and there is left of all these wrinkles and roughness a central oyster of perceptiveness, an enormous eye. How beautiful a street is in winter. (Woolf 1) In addition, the freedom that the modern city of London offers to the narrator allows her to lose herself in the crowd, and thus discovers herself inquiring about the everyday life of a dwarf (reference)? This event of losing oneself while exploring the streets of modern London is the fundamental reason that haunts the narrator. As she walks around the city, she witnesses different disturbing realities: a dwarf woman, two blind men, a retard, and the limping ludicrous dance of â€Å"the humped, the twisted, and the deformed† (Woolf 2). These realities have brought deep thinking to the narrator that makes her feel so lost in the modern world. The monstrosities that the narrator has witnessed and the beauty that she has experienced shake her identity and left her unstable. All the way through the narration of Wolf in her essay â€Å"Street Haunting† this feeling of uncertain identity is stressed out by referring to her narrator as â€Å"we† instead of â€Å"I†: â€Å"We shall never know† (Woolf 4) and â€Å"We are no long quite ourselves† (Woolf 1). The very instance of the narrator stepping out her door and into the modern city of London immediately strips off her individuality for anonymity. She can no longer identify herself with the different oddities and, at the same time, beauty that she is witnessing around the streets of modern London. The narrator becomes estranged to herself because she cannot connect anymore to the outside world that is entirely different to her inside world. Indeed, the various technological advances and behavioral changes brought by the rapid modernization of the London’s society highly contribute to the new definition and understanding of mobility, communication, time, and speed. Contrastingly, these advances and changes have also expanded the modern London outside the limits of coherent perception making the city unfathomable and too intricate for people to figure out. The enormity of the modern society and how it has become incomprehensible is repeatedly expressed in the essay. The narrator’s encounter at the second-hand bookstore conveys how she finds it

Fundamentals of the property law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fundamentals of the property law - Essay Example In this case, Mal have ownership right rights over the land and he can transfer it to any one he may wish. In this case he has decided to transfer the land to Sam, where he has sold the land at a total of $120000. In the case Gunana v Northern Territory (2007) 153 FCR 349 at [83], there was determination of the owner of the title of the land. But the owners of the land had reconsider their honours to the effect of the operation of the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth) (the ALRA). The act was on the operation of the Fisheries Act 1988 (NT) and the powers of the director of the fisheries had to appoint pursuant to act in the legislation. The court judgment was that land was fully owned by the traditional Aboriginal owners. The ALRA held that the owner has the right to exclusive possession of both the water and the land. This stated that since the owner was given the fishing license, no one else was authorized to fish in the land and also in the water. If someon e wanted to access the land, one had to obtain permission from the owner (Strelein 2010) In the case Northern Territory of Australia & Anor v Arnhem Land Aboriginal Land Trust & Ors (2008) HCA 29, the court ruled that the owner of the land had exclusive rights over the possession of the land. The owner had all the marine property within the land. ... The owner had no right to exclude other people who had been given the same title and who were the native holders of the title. It was also decided that the owner was not allowed to deny the native holders of the title the right to fish and hunt (McHugh 2011). The legal issue in this case is that, initially, Mal was the owner of the property. Since he agreed to sell the property to Sam and he also signed the transfer forms, the property no longer belonged to him. When Mal also agreed to sign the letter for the authorization of the delivery of the certificate to Sam, he had already made his decision to sell the property to Sam, though Sam had not yet paid him the money. Mal should not claim that he was tricked by the Harry’s solicitors since he had agreed to be paid later by Sam. If he wanted to claim the money from Sam, he would have given him the conditions of selling the property. He would not have agreed to sell the property on credit. Though they had made an agreement that Sam was to pay him at the end of six weeks, Harry has a right of claiming the certificate so that he can lend the money to Sam. Question two The question is based on Absolute, determinable and conditional interests. Absolute grants refer to interests which no conditions are attached. In this grant, there is no requirement of either non occurrence or occurrence of any situation or any particular or given event. When the grant is determinable, it means that the interests will be automatically terminated on the occurrence of the event which was specified. In determinable grant the following words are used during, while, until and as long as. In any case the event becomes impossible, the interest automatically becomes absolute (Clarke and Kohler 2005). A grant can

This is not a paper just a MIDTERM question Essay - 2

This is not a paper just a MIDTERM question - Essay Example However, it is cumbersome to prepare, offers little information to management, and usually creates parallel accounting systems. It also does not indicate levels of efficiency or address value. Generally, budgeted expenditures are based on a standard cost of inputs multiplied by the number of units of an activity to be provided in that period. It refers to the process of linking costs to activities, then identifying specific outputs to be produced by services or activities. Then setting targets or goals and afterwards preparing budget based on these performance goals set. The new approach to performance budgeting seeks to concentrate on the outcomes rather than the output. This approach has the advantage of offering a means of estimating future expenditures and measurement of activities efficiency. On the other hand, its drawback is that there is a need to distinguish between the fixed and variable costs. Furthermore, it has no benefit in public accounting, as efficiency is not the only measure required. Program budgeting refers to a variety of different budgeting systems that base expenditures primarily on programs of work and secondarily on objects. It involves organization of the business operations into programs with specific goals and missions. After identifying the goals, sub goals and objectives and their input and output are outlined, as budgets are prepared along these programs. They facilitate choice of alternative strategies, evaluation of goals and finally it takes budgeting beyond efficiency compared to performance budgeting approach. However, there is no single methodology to single out alternatives available. In addition, it places heavy demands on officials to achieve their stated goals. Zero-based budgeting operates by justifying budget requests probably of each department or functional unit of operation every budgeting cycle, regardless of prior

Possible Implications Essay Example for Free

Possible Implications Essay Throughout the world, it is quite understandable that there are countries that place policies in order to restrict the flow of foreign programs, movies, and magazines into their territory. For example, in Canada and France, such forms of entertainment that were produced in the United States are given restrictions in terms of number; hence in a way, placing a limit upon the influences of such forms of entertainment to the local community. Understandably, the reason for such policies is so that Canadian and French culture will be maintained and locally made forms of entertainment will not be faced with additional competition. However, such policies and restrictions were apparently made for conventional forms of distributing programs, movies, and magazines. In this sense, given that distribution may now be accomplished through the web, then there is a possibility that such policies will no longer be effective. Therefore, it is important to reflect upon the possible implications of the web on such policies. First of all, the most apparent feature of the web is how freely one may be able to share and distribute multimedia content to a virtually infinite amount of individuals (Baase, 2008). In this sense, popular movies and programs may now be easily acquired or downloaded from different areas of the web. In addition, even magazines may now be distributed through cyberspace because the means to electronically reproduce written documents through scanning and file conversion are widely available. Considering that the movies, programs, and magazines transferred throughout the web are distributed as data and not actual physical objects, it is quite expected that the conventional ways in which the government may keep watch of the number of such forms of entertainment are no longer effective. To expound, while it is possible to monitor the activities of individuals through the internet, many believe that such a pursuit is quite complex and cumbersome due to complications in methods of tracking (Baase, 2008). Aside from difficulties in terms of which methods may be used to track the transfer of programs, movies, and magazines through the web, the issue of privacy adds further problems for those with interest of limiting the flow of such items into their countries. For one, aside from the innate sense of anonymity that the web provides to its users, web privacy either in law or in the form of augmentative software has already been considered by many users of the web (Baase, 2008). In this sense, effectively tracking the users of how files are being distributed has become an even more difficult task. Given that each user is entitled to a certain level of freedom in his or her activities on the web, then technically an individual may be involved in either legal or illegal acts. Having illegal means of file distribution furthers the possibility of increasing the presence of foreign programs, movies, and magazines, due to the fact that people would not need to pay for such items in order to be acquired or accessed. Hence, locally made programs, movies, and magazines which are most likely to be sold throughout different outlets are given intense competition. It is perceivable that the web is very much unlike the previous means of distributing programs, movies, and magazines. Aside from providing a sense of freedom, anonymity is also maintained at different degrees depending on the knowledge of the user of how the web functions. In addition, previous means of distributing programs, movies, and magazines, are limited in terms of the number of actual physical objects while distributing such items throughout the web allows for a massive amount of audience as well as the potential to make it endlessly reproducible (Baase, 2008). It is quite certain that the web will affect the policies regarding limitations on the number of programs, movies, and magazines being allowed into the country. Therefore, if restrictions are to be maintained, it is necessary that new and more applicable policies are formed since it is apparent that previous policies are already obsolete. Reference Baase, S. (2008). A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet. 3rd Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Emotional Memory Essay Example for Free

Emotional Memory Essay Emotional memory pertains to an individual’s recollection of incidents that have occurred in the past. The mechanism behind such strong retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular event, resulting in a increased level of attention that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also involved in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of time that has already passed away since the actual event. This kind of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies details of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical region of the brain. This description is supported by observations that several neural activities occur in the cortex, thus facilitating memory retention. Several studies have indicated that emotional memory involves two major processes, namely encoding and post-encoding. The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the details of the event after the actual incident, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime example of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an accident that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years. One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is thus extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person almost died at that time. It has been suggested that evolution also plays a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the capacity to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident. It may thus be possible that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to stay away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or pain that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring. The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique feature of storage for a prolonged period of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to address this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a specific incident in the past. Storage of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specific information is essential in determining that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the amount of sleep can result in a positive or negative condition for memory. According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sleep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a comparison of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprived of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a stage wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who received enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred. On the other hand, an interesting observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emotions. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cortex. Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI scanning showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual. The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident will only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be largely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a better understanding of how emotions influence an individual’s memory and ultimately, one’s mental condition. It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory tested also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident. The emotional memory tested in this study showed that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the left side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past. It should also be understood that cognition is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each other’s messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be unreachable by an other analytical means. References Smith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472–479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , D’Argembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi