Tourism Demand to the Portfolio of a Developing and Developed Country Research Paper

Tourism Demand to the Portfolio of a Developing and Developed Country - Research Paper Example Tourism is defined as travel for the purpose of business, leisure or recreation. However, tourism is a very important sector for several economies because of the resultant inflows of huge amounts of money in business activities as well as creation of employment opportunities in services associated with tourism such as hospitality services, cruise ships, entertainment, airlines and transport. This paper has examined the different aspects of tourism demand and after having defined the concepts and models of tourism, a detailed analysis has been made of the demand for tourism in Switzerland and Indonesia. In arriving at the different conclusions, this paper has mainly relied on journals, magazines and books that are available on the internet. Tourism is understood as the activity related to people moving away from their normal environments for reasons that are diverse from their work or profession. Tourism is not a new phenomenon and was favored with individuals that wished to enhance t heir education while the wealthy class traveled largely for pleasure, for socializing or to personally visit destinations that were widely described in the literature or reported by travelers. With the improvement of transport systems in terms of speed and comfort, the flow of visitors increased even to far flung areas. In recent times the traveling habits of people have increased considerably primarily because of: Fast, secure and comparatively cheap modes of transport Increasing interests relative to knowing of new cultures Widespread information about the attractiveness of different places Increasing disposable incomes and leisure time in several parts of the world The earliest attempts to study tourism were made by Ogilvie (1933) who held that the word tourism was the result of the curiosity of language because till that time there was no such word in the English language. He wrote that it can be used to describe an individual that simply leaves his home or country with the obje ctive of coming back to his home after some time. His definition of tourists was, â€Å"all people who satisfy two conditions, that they are away from home for any period of less than a year and second, that while they are away they spend money in the place they visit without earning it there† (Ogilvie, 1933, p.5). In considering Ogilvie’s definition, Burkart and Medlik (1981) identified four major characteristics of tourism: They are people who undertake journeys to stay in various destinations (Burkart and Medlik, 1981, p.42). Their destinations are distinct from their normal place of residence and work so that their activities are not the same as those of the residents and working populations of their destinations (Burkart and Medlik, 1981, p.42). Their intention is to return within a few days or months, so the journey is of a temporary and short term nature (Burkart and Medlik, 1981, p.42). Their purpose for undertaking the journey is other than to take up permanen t residence or employment remunerated from within the destinations (Burkart and Medlik, 1981, p.42). A socialist approach has been adopted by Cohen (1974) in defining a tourist as, â€Å"a voluntary, temperory traveler traveling in the expectation of

Globalization from a Cultural Anthropology's Perspective Essay

Globalization from a Cultural Anthropology's Perspective - Essay Example They came to the conclusion that all societies at their â€Å"civilization† stage must have gone through the former two stages of savagery and barbarian before making their way to â€Å"civilization†. All three stages were characterized on the basis of their shared attributes. Tyler focused more on other aspects of culture, for instance language and mythology, the arts of life and the arts of pleasure. (Hays) Globalization implies increasing influx of trade, finance, culture, people and ideas due to the advances in technology which has indirectly made modes of communication sophisticated, easier worldwide. Globalization has fast taken over today’s global economy. Not only are the world’s farthest places easily accessible but communication within seconds to and fro from different corners of the world has become a lot more easy. Today’s children and youth are far more connected and well versed with their counterpart teens from world over then a decade ago. Globalization studies have become very important point of convergence of interpretive anthropology and cultural anthropology. Terms such as â€Å"The New Economy† and globalization have become integral focus of Cultural Anthropology in modern literature of cultural anthropology. ... For example music, movies, arts. Popular culture and globalization have attracted similar hit songs, movies, artificats, even ways of conducted business in countries sharing different cultures. This is primarily because of more and easy awareness. So much has the influence of globalization been on cultural anthropology that today branding and value creation have whole heartedly accepted their importance. Massive campaigns world over are built accordingly. William Mazzarella’s award winning work titled â€Å"Very Bombay: Contending with the Global in an Indian Advertising Agency† is a very important example. (Harris) The widespread perception of consumer culture has always been there. Many attribute to America’s wealth and the status emerging out of WWII. Corporations back then were at their peak of manufacturing capacity. They had made a lot of money by capitalizing on the military needs and requirement. As a result, living standards rose and demands for material goods with more social standing also peaked. This lifestyle has stayed for the past few generations and now in most cases we short-sighted assume that we will always live like this. A good example of culturally invasive global trend can be seen in plastic surgery rooms in Iran. During the course of Islamic Revolution, makeup stayed restricted to Persian women and their faces would be covered to Islamic culture and names. As of today, Iran has become the nose job capital of the world. Iranian women world over spend more than â€Å"1500 dollars† to achieve what they call the â€Å"perfect nose† . The influences of satellite and television have also been immense and invasive. Persian women and many South Asian countries have adopted the idea that western nose is